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Egypt. Dendera. Hathor Temple. Cleopatra VII, Julius Caesar
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Egypt. Dendera. Hathor Temple. Cleopatra VII, Julius Caesar
Egyptian Art. Dendera. Hathor Temple. Relief depicting Cleopatra VII, Julius Caesar and their son Caesarion, later her co-regent Ptolemy XV Caesar. 1st. Century B.C. Ptolemaic Dynasty
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Media ID 14334828
© Thaliastock / Mary Evans
Ankh Ansata Caesar Carving Cleopatra Crux Dendera Double Dynasty Hathor Hieratic Instrument Julio Claudian Julius Nile Percussion Perspective Pharaoh Philopator Pschent Ptolemaic Ptolemy Sistrum Musical
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EDITORS COMMENTS
In this relief carving from the Temple of Hathor at Dendera in Egypt, we witness a unique moment in history as Cleopatra VII Philopator, the legendary queen of the Ptolemaic Empire, is depicted alongside her lover, Julius Caesar, and their son, Caesarion. Dated back to the 1st century BC, this masterpiece showcases the complex political alliances and familial ties that shaped the ancient world. Cleopatra VII, adorned with the double crown of Egypt (utshepset and pschent), sits regally on a throne, her hand resting on the crux ansata, the symbol of her divine authority. The Roman general and politician, Julius Caesar, is shown seated next to her, wearing a laurel wreath and holding a scepter. Their son, Caesarion, is depicted as a young boy, standing between them and holding an ankh, the symbol of life. The intricate hieroglyphics and hieratic script inscribed on the temple wall further emphasize the religious and cultural significance of this scene. The musical instruments, such as the sistrum and percussion, suggest a connection to the goddess Hathor, the deity of music, dance, and fertility, for whom the temple was dedicated. Perspective and depth are expertly conveyed in this relief, with the figures and architectural elements skillfully carved to create a sense of three-dimensional space. The Nile River, the lifeblood of ancient Egypt, flows in the background, adding to the serene and majestic atmosphere of the scene. This relief is a testament to the rich artistic heritage of the Ptolemaic Dynasty and the complex political alliances that existed between Egypt and Rome during the 1st century BC. It offers a glimpse into the lives of these historical figures, providing valuable insights into the complexities of ancient Egyptian and Roman society.
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